Well it is definitly possible by assigning a branch address with TTree::SetBranchAddress and then Getting the entry with TTree::GetEntry. The you can ckeck whether your cuts are fulfilled with the assigned variables.
There might be a better way, but to choose it we need more information on what you are trying to do, how your branches look and how this Cut-String looks. Please tell us what data you have and what exactly you want to do with them.
The Query Function returns a TSQLResult Object whichs number of Rows correspond to the amount of entries for which the cut string evaluates true. Since only one entry (The current entry) is being processed, the result can only be 0 or 1. I assumed now that your cut string is of the class std::string. The query function expects a const char* which is why I added the c_str() function.
The format of the cut string has to be a boolean evaluation like in an if condition where the current valies of the branches can be accessed by their names. You can find further information on this in the documentation of the TTree::Draw method: https://root.cern.ch/doc/v612/classTTree.html#a73450649dc6e54b5b94516c468523e45